1. The earth and the celestial sphere

• Definition of observer’s zenith and position of a heavenly body in terms of latitude, longitude, GHA and declination
• Right angle relationships, latitude and co-lat, declination and polar distance
• Relationship between GHA, longitude and LHA
• Tabulation of declination in nautical almanac
• Rate of increase of hour angle with time

2. The PZX triangle

• The tabulated components of the triangle, LHA, co-lat and polar distance
• The calculable components, zenith distance and azimuth
• Relationship between zenith distance and altitude
• Introduction to the tabular method of solution in the Air Navigation Tables and the basic sight form
• The use of calculators for the solution of the PZX triangle

3. The sextant

• Practical guide to the use and care of a sextant at sea
• Conversion of sextant altitude to true altitude
• Application of dip, index error and refraction
• Correction of side error, perpendicularity, index error and collimation error

4. Measurement of time

• Definition of, and relationship between, UT, LMT, standard time and zone time
• Rating of chronometers and watches

5. Meridian altitudes

• Forecasting time of meridian altitude
• Reduction of meridian altitude sights

6. Sun, star and other sights

• Reduction and plotting of sun sights using Air Navigation Tables
• Awareness of use of calculator for sight reduction
• The plotting of sun-run-sun meridian altitude
• Awareness of the reduction and plotting of sights obtained from stars, moon and planets

7. Compass checking

• Use of amplitude and azimuth tables systems and/or calculator

8. Satellite Navigation Systems

• Principles and limitations of use of all systems

9. Great circle sailing

• Comparison of rhumb lines and great circles
• Vertices and composite tracks
• The computation of a series of rhumb lines approximating to a great circle by use of gnomonic and Mercator projections

10. Meteorology

• General pressure distribution and prevailing winds over the oceans of the world
• Tropical revolving storms, seasonal occurrence and forecasting by observation

11. Passage planning

• Publications available to assist with planning of long passages (routeing charts, ocean passages of the world and other publications)
• Preparation for ocean passage including survival equipment, victualling, water and fuel management, chafe protection, spares and maintenance

12. Passage making

• Navigational routine
• Watchkeeping
• Crew management

13. Communications

• Satellite and terrestrial systems
• Weather information